$A$ fixed volume of iron is drawn into a wire of length $l$. The extension produced in this wire by a constant force $F$ is proportional to

$A$ structural steel rod has a radius of $10\,mm$ and length of $1.0\,m.$ $A$ $100\,kN$ force stretches it along its length. Young's modulus of structural steel is $2 \times 10^{11}\,N/m^2.$ The percentage strain is about ....... $\%$

$A$ brass wire $1.8\; m$ long at $27\;^{\circ}C$ is held taut with little tension between two rigid supports. If the wire is cooled to a temperature of $-39\;^{\circ}C$,what is the tension developed in the wire,if its diameter is $2.0\; mm$? (Coefficient of linear expansion of brass $\alpha = 2.0 \times 10^{-5}\; K^{-1}$; Young's modulus of brass $Y = 0.91 \times 10^{11}\; Pa$)

$A$ wire of area of cross-section $10^{-6} \ m^2$ is increased in length by $0.1 \%$. The tension produced is $1000 \ N$. The Young's modulus of the wire is:

In nature,the failure of structural members usually results from large torque because of twisting or bending rather than due to tensile or compressive strains. This process of structural breakdown is called buckling. In cases of tall cylindrical structures like trees,the torque is caused by their own weight bending the structure,such that the vertical line through the centre of gravity does not fall within the base. The elastic torque caused by this bending about the central axis of the tree is given by $\frac{Y\pi r^4}{4R}$,where $Y$ is the Young's modulus,$r$ is the radius of the trunk,and $R$ is the radius of curvature of the bent surface along the height of the tree containing the centre of gravity (the neutral surface). Estimate the critical height of a tree for a given radius of the trunk.

$A$ wire elongates by $l \ mm$ when a load $W$ is hanged from it. If the wire goes over a pulley and two weights $W$ each are hung at the two ends,the elongation of the wire will be (in $mm$)