Which pre-assumptions are used for the Doppler effect?

The frequency of a whistle of an engine is $600 \, Hz$ and it is moving with a speed of $30 \, m/s$ towards a stationary observer. The apparent frequency heard by the observer will be .... $Hz$ (velocity of sound $= 330 \, m/s$).

With what velocity an observer should move relative to a stationary source so that a sound of double the frequency of the source is heard by the observer?

The velocity of sound is $340 \,m/s$. $A$ source of sound having a frequency of $90 \,Hz$ is moving towards a stationary observer with a speed of one-tenth that of sound. The apparent frequency of sound as heard by the observer is: (in $\,Hz$)

$A$ source of sound of frequency $450 \text{ cycles/sec}$ is moving towards a stationary observer with $34 \text{ m/sec}$ speed. If the speed of sound is $340 \text{ m/sec}$,then the apparent frequency will be ..... $\text{cycles/sec}$.

$A$ railway engine whistling at a constant frequency moves with a constant speed. It goes past a stationary observer standing beside the railway track. The frequency $(n)$ of the sound heard by the observer is plotted against time $(t).$ Which of the following best represents the resulting curve?